Major Types of Commercial Printing

Major Types of  Commercial Printing


1.Offset Printing


In offset lithography a printing plate, which is most often made from aluminum, contains an image of the content that needs to be printed. When the plate is inked, only this image part holds ink.
That inked image is subsequently transferred (or offset) from the plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. The process can be used to print on paper, cardboard, plastic or other materials, but these have to have a flat surface.


2.Flexography


In flexography the content that needs to be printed is on a relief of a printing plate, which is made from rubber.
This plate is inked and that inked image is subsequently transferred to the printing surface.  
The process can be used to print on paper as well as plastics, metals, cellophane and other materials. Flexo is mainly used for packaging and labels and to a lesser extent also for newspapers.


Digital printing can be done in various ways. Two technologies dominate the industry:


  • Inkjet – In an inkjet printer the image that needs to be printed is created by small droplets of ink that are propelled from the nozzles of one or more print heads. Inkjet devices can print on a wide range of substrates such as paper, plastic, canvas or even doors and floor tiles. Inkjet printing is used a lot for posters and signage. It is also economical for short run publications such as photo books or small runs of books.
  • Xerography – In xerographic printers, such as laser printers, the image that needs to be printed is formed by selectively applying a charge to a metal cylinder called a drum. The electrical charge is used to attract toner particles. These particles are transferred to the media that is being printed on. To make sure the toner is fixed properly, the substrate passes through a fuser that melts the toner into the medium.

There are a number of other digital printing processes that are geared towards specific niche markets:


*Dye-sublimation
*Direct thermal printing
*Thermal ink transfer printing


4.Rotogravure


Technique in which an image is engraved into a printing cylinder. That cylinder is inked and this ink subsequently transfers to the paper.  Gravure is used for high volume work such as newspapers,  magazines, and packaging.


5.Screen Printing.


As its name implies, this printing technique relies on a screen, which is a woven piece of fabric. Certain areas of this mesh are coated with a non-permeable material. In the remaining open spaces ink can be pushed through the mesh onto a substrate. The advantage of screen printing is that the surface of the recipient does not have to be flat and that the ink can adhere to a wide range of materials, such as paper, textiles, glass, ceramics, wood, and metal.


Most of the printing industries use these technology , but the quality and timely delivery are  the most important factors.Also the capacity for large quantity production determines the growth of  companies.Printing industry is fast updating with new technological advancements as society demands more .

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